Attorney General of Florida — Opinion
November 9, 1992
Risk management program meetings/Govt. in Sunshine
Robert A. Butterworth Attorney General
Laurence Feingold City Attorney City of Miami Beach
QUESTION:
Does s. 768.28(14), F.S., exempt the risk management program meetings between the city attorney, city’s risk manager, and city commission from the Government in the Sunshine Law and the documents produced during those meetings from the Public Records Law?
SUMMARY:
To the extent that meetings between the city attorney, the city’s risk manager, and the city commission are proceedings under the city’s risk management program for tort liability and relate solely to the evaluation of a claim filed with the program or an offer of compromise of such a claim, such proceedings are exempt from s. 286.011, F.S., and the minutes of such proceedings as well as the claims files maintained under such program are exempt from disclosure until the termination of the litigation and settlement of claims arising out of the same incident.
Section 286.011, F.S., the Government in the Sunshine Law provides:
All meetings of any board or commission of any state agency or authority or of any agency or authority of any county, municipal corporation, or political subdivision, except as otherwise provided in the Constitution, at which official acts are to be taken are declared to be public meetings open to the public at all times, and no resolution, rule, or formal action shall be considered binding except as taken or made at such meeting.
The Supreme Court of Florida has held that discussions between a city council and the city attorney to discuss the settlement of pending litigation to be subject to the Sunshine Law.[1]
Similarly, the Supreme Court has stated that there is no attorney-client exemption from the Public Records Law, Ch. 119, F.S., which requires the disclosure of records made or received by a public agency in connection with the transaction of its official business.[2] In the absence of a statutory exemption, therefore, discussions between the city attorney and the city commission are subject to s. 286.011, F.S., and any records generated from such meetings, absent such an exemption, are subject to the disclosure provisions of Ch. 119, F.S.
Section 768.28(14), F.S., authorizes the state and its agencies and subdivisions to be self-insured, to enter into risk management programs, or to purchase liability insurance, or any combination thereof, in anticipation of any claim, judgment, or claims bill which they may be liable to pay pursuant to s. 786.28, F.S.[3]
In 1989, the Florida Legislature enacted Ch. 89-360, Laws of Florida, entitled an “act relating to insurance and the State Fire Marshall.” Section 92 of the act, which was added to the bill on the floor of the Florida House of Representatives,[4]
amends s. 768.28(14) to include paragraphs (b), (c) and (d), which provide:
(b) The claims files maintained by any risk management program administered by the state, its agencies, and its subdivisions and discussions pertinent to the evaluation of such claims files shall be considered privileged and confidential and shall be only for use by the administration of such risk management program in fulfilling its duties and responsibilities. Such claims files are exempt from the provisions of s. 119.07(1). This exemption is subject to the Open Government Sunset Review Act in accordance with s. 119.14.
(c) The proceedings, and the minutes thereof, of any risk management program administered by the state, its agencies, or its subdivisions, which relate solely to the evaluation of claims filed with such a risk management program or which relate solely to offers of compromise of claims filed with such a risk management program, shall not be subject to inspection under the provisions of s. 119.07(1); nor shall such proceedings be open to the public under the provisions of s. 286.011. These exemptions are subject to the Open Government Sunset Review Act in accordance with s. 119.14.
(d) The claims files and minutes of proceedings shall only be exempt from s. 119.07(1) until termination of all litigation and settlement of all claims arising out of the same incident.
Section 768.28(2), F.S., defines “state agencies or subdivisions” to include, among others, “counties, or municipalities.”
It is a rule of statutory construction that all parts of a statute are to be read together.[5] In addition, exemptions from the Sunshine Law and the Public Records Law are to be strictly construed.[6] Section 768.28, F.S., waives the state’s immunity from tort liability to the extent provided therein. As subsection (1) of the statute provides:
In accordance with s. 13, Art. X, State Constitution,[7]
the state, for itself and for its agencies or subdivisions, hereby waives sovereign immunity for liability for torts, but only to the extent specified in this act. Actions at law against the state or any of its agencies or subdivisions to recover damages in tort for money damages against the state or its agencies or subdivisions for injury or loss of property, personal injury, or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of any employee of the agency or subdivision while acting within the scope of his office or employment under circumstances in which the state or such agency or subdivision, if a private person, would be liable to the claimant, in accordance with the general laws of this state, may be prosecuted subject to the limitations specified in this act. . . . (e.s.)
Subsection (14) of s. 768.28, F.S., authorizes the state and its agencies and subdivisions to enter into risk management programs in anticipation of any claim, judgment or claims bill which they may be liable to pay under this statute, i.e., for tort claims against the governmental entity. Therefore, while s. 768.28(14), F.S., provides an exemption from Ch. 119 and s. 286.011, F.S., such exemption is not unlimited. Reading the statute as a whole, the exemption contained in subsection (14) appears to apply to the city’s risk management program for tort liability only.
Moreover, the exemption provided in s. 768.28(14), F.S., appears to contemplate the existence of a claim having been filed prior to the exemption becoming effective. Section 768.28(14)(c), F.S., exempts the proceedings and minutes thereof of a risk management program which relate solely to the evaluation of claim filed with the program or offers of compromise of claim filed with the program. Subparagraph (14)(b) of the statute refers to claims files. Accordingly, the exemption would not appear applicable to meetings held prior to the filing of a tort claim with the risk management program.
Therefore, I am of the opinion that to the extent that meetings between the city attorney, the city’s risk manager, and the city commission are proceedings under the city’s risk management program for tort liability which relate solely to the evaluation of a claim filed with the program or an offer of compromise of such a claim, such proceedings are exempt from s. 286.011, F.S., and the minutes of such proceedings as well as the claims files maintained under such program are exempt from disclosure until the termination of the litigation and settlement of claims arising out of the same incident.
RAB/tjw
(Fla. 1979) (only the Legislature and not the judiciary can exempt attorney-client communications from Ch. 119). And see, s. 119.07(1)(a), F.S., requiring the custodian of public records to permit the record to be inspected at reasonable times, under reasonable conditions, and under the supervision of the custodian or his designee; and s. 119.011(1) and (2), F.S., respectively defining “Public records” and “Agency.”
(Fla. 1988) (Public Records Law is to be liberally construed in favor of open government and exemptions from disclosure are to be narrowly construed so they are limited to their stated purpose).